Control Limits

Control limits are lines established 3 standard deviations from the mean on a control chart. Keep in mind that the control chart depicts averages, so exhibits a normal distribution. (See Central Limit Theorem) 99.7% of all random variation (common cause) will fall within the upper and lower control limits. Outliers Read more…

Control (Scientific)

A control, or control group is a tool used to confirm whether changes are actually having an effect. The control group is exposed to the same conditions as the test group with the exception of the variable that is being examined. For example, you may be experimenting whether increasing tire Read more…

Containment

Containment is an interim quality management step. When a problem is identified, the organization must take steps to prevent defects from escaping. Containment is a method of systematically identifying and quarantining all materials that are suspect until they can be confirmed not to contain defective items. Note that this is Read more…

Competitive Advantage

A competitive advantage is a condition through which one organization has to spend fewer resources to get the same benefit as a competitor (or, of course, gets more benefit for spending the same amount of resources.) This advantage can be because of a perception of higher quality products, because of Read more…

Champion

Making changes can be a rather large challenge. This is especially true when you are committed to making improvements to the value stream as a whole rather than local ones for an individual process. It is common for disputes to occur, especially when a project team recognizes that there can Read more…

Central Limit Theorem

The central limit theorem, in layman’s terms, says that regardless of the shape of the distribution of a population, in most cases, the mean of random samples taken from that population will approximate a normal distribution. The larger the sample, or the larger the number of samples, the closer the Read more…

Calibration

Calibration is the process of comparing the measuring or output capabilities of a piece of equipment to a known standard. This allows for one of two basic actions that make sure that the equipment can be used effectively. You can apply a correction factor to the instrument, much like “Kentucky Read more…

C-Level Executive

C-Level executives are the top individuals in an organization’s hierarchical structure. The most common are: CEO (Chief Executive Officer) CFO (Chief Financial Officer) COO (Chief Operating Officer) There are also frequently c-level executives in charge of marketing or information technology. Some organizations will even go further and assign a chief Read more…